- Domeniu: Art history
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Gruppo di artisti astrattisti fondato a Parigi nel 1929 dal critico d'arte ed artista Michel Seuphor e dall'artista Joaquìn Torres Garcia. Essi pubblicarono un periodico con questo nome e una mostra d'arte nel 1930, che includeva 130 opere di molti artisti astrattisti. Il gruppo appoggiava nuovi sviluppi dell'arte astratta e in particolare promuoveva la tendenza mistica di questo tipo di arte. Lo Cercle et Carrè venne assorbito dalla Abstraction-Crèation quando quest'ultima venne fondata nel 1933, ma Torres Garcia continuò la pubblicazione del periodico a Montevideo, in Uruguay, il suo luogo di nascita.
Industry:Art history
Dagli ultimi anni del 1960 il termine Arte Ambientale è stato applicato a un'ate specifica - spesso ma non necessariamente nella forma di messa in opera - indirizzata a questioni politiche e sociali in relazione all'ambiente naturale e cittadino. Uno dei pionieri di questo tipo di arte è stato l'artista tedesco Joseph Beuys, uno degli artisti più recenti è Lothat Baumgarten.
Industry:Art history
Term loosely used to denote art of the present day and of the relatively recent past, of an innovatory or avant-garde nature. In relation to contemporary art museums, the date of origin for the term contemporary art varies. The Institute of Contemporary Art in London, founded in 1947, champions art from that year onwards. Whereas The New Museum of Contemporary Art in New York chooses the later date of 1977. In the 1980s, Tate planned a Museum of Contemporary Art in which contemporary art was defined as art of the past ten years on a rolling basis.
Industry:Art history
New way of painting landscape and scenes of everyday life developed in France by Monet and others from early 1860s. Based on practice of painting finished pictures out of doors, as opposed to simply making sketches (actually pioneered in Britain by Constable around 1813-17). Result was greater awareness of light and colour and the shifting pattern of the natural scene. Brushwork became rapid and broken into separate dabs to render these effects. First group exhibition Paris 1874 greeted with derision, Monet's Impression, Sunrise being particularly singled out and giving its name to the movement. Seven further exhibitions held at intervals to 1886. Other core artists, Camille Pissarro, Renoir, plus Degas and Manet in slightly tangential relationship. Second generation of Post-Impressionism.
Industry:Art history
A printing process based on the antipathy of grease and water. The image is applied to a grained surface (traditionally stone but now usually aluminium) using a greasy medium: greasy ink (tusche), crayon, pencils, lacquer, or synthetic materials. Photochemical or transfer processes can be used. A solution of gum arabic and nitric acid is then applied over the surface, producing water-receptive non-printing areas and grease-receptive image areas. The printing surface is kept wet, so that a roller charged with oil-based ink can be rolled over the surface, and ink will only stick to the grease-receptive image area. Paper is then placed against the surface and the plate is run through a press. Lithography was invented in the late eighteenth century, initially using Bavarian limestone as the printing surface. Its invention made it possible to print a much wider range of marks and areas of tone than possible with earlier printmaking techniques. It also made colour printing easier: areas of different colours can be applied to separate stones and overprinted onto the same sheet. Offset lithography involves printing the image onto an intermediate surface before the final sheet. The image is reversed twice, and appears on the final sheet the same way round as on the stone or plate.
Industry:Art history
A miniature is a small painting, usually a portrait. Miniatures range from about three centimetres in height to as much as twenty-five centimetres and are painted in watercolour or gouache on vellum, enamel, ivory or, often, a playing card. In the West miniature painting emerged at the time of the Renaissance from the medieval practice of illuminating (decorating and illustrating) manuscript books. The heyday of the miniature was the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Miniatures were often enclosed in jewelled cases and worn as personal adornment and as a sign of allegiance, either political or romantic, to the person depicted. In Britain miniature painting flourished at the court of Queen Elizabeth I (see Elizabethan) whose court painter Nicholas Hilliard was one of the greatest of all miniature painters. He was succeeded by his pupil and rival Isaac Oliver. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London, UK, holds the national collection of portrait miniatures, and miniatures can also be seen in the Scottish National Portrait Gallery and the Wallace Collection. More generally, the term miniature or in miniature is applied to any work of art produced in a size much smaller than the normal size for that type of work.
Industry:Art history
Minimalism or Minimal art is an extreme form of abstract art that developed in the USA in the second half of the 1960s. It can be seen as extending the abstract idea that art should have its own reality and not be an imitation of some other thing. It picked up too on the Constructivist idea that art should be made of modern, industrial materials. Minimal artists typically made works in very simple geometric shapes based on the square and the rectangle. Many Minimal works explore the properties of their materials. Minimal art was mostly three-dimensional but the painter Frank Stella was an important Minimalist. The other principal artists were Andre, Flavin, Judd, Lewitt, Morris, and Serra. There are strong links between Minimal and Conceptual art. Aesthetically, Minimal art offers a highly purified form of beauty. It can also be seen as representing such qualities as truth (because it does not pretend to be anything other than what it is), order, simplicity, harmony.
Industry:Art history
Район тихій площі біля центру Лондона. Його назва часто використовується для ідентифікації коло інтелектуалів та художників, які жили там в період 1904-40. Інтелектуалів включена біограф Літтон Strachey, економіст Мейнард Кейнс, романіст Вірджинії Вулф і мистецтвознавець Клайв Белл. Основні художників були Ванесса Белл, Роджер Фрая, який також був дуже впливовий критик і Дункан грант. Блумсбері було повстання проти все вікторіанської і зіграв ключову роль у введення багато сучасних ідей у Великобританії. У 1910 році Фрай організовані в Лондоні виставка Мане і Post-Impressionists, який приніс сучасних французького мистецтва до відома Британська громадськість. Відвідувачі шоу були належним чином scandalised, багато роботи Сезанна, поля Гогена, Ван Гога, Матісса і Пікассо. Блумсбері художники створили свої відмінні марки пост імпресіонізму і навколо 1914 експериментував з абстрактного мистецтва. Фрай також заснував дизайну фірми Omega семінари для яких Bloomsbury художників призначений гончарні вироби, меблі, тканини та інтер'єрів. Зверніть увагу, що Bloomsbury чинили опір бути класифіковані як група.
Industry:Art history
У естамп будь-якого процесу використовуються для створення поверхні піднятих або депресії. Іноді використовується для створення помилкових пластини марок в літографій або screenprints.
Industry:Art history
Вік королеви Єлизавети я побачив (царював 1558-1603) цвітіння мистецтв у Великобританії не в останню чергу в п'єс Шекспіра. Живопис процвітала теж, хоча головним чином у вигляді портрета. Сама королева взяв великий інтерес до її портрети, направляючи таких художників, Hilliard і Gheeraerts у створенні стилізовані зображення величезні елегантності, багатство і влада. Цей штучний і декоративні стилі став характерною рисою єлизаветинської живопису в цілому. Висококваліфіковані художники часто залишався анонімним, як у The Cholmondeley дам.
Industry:Art history
